Pediatric ATI Practice Exam

What respiratory finding is expected in a school-age child admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis?

1. Deep respirations of 32/min.

2. Shallow respirations of 10/min.

3. Paradoxic respirations of 26/min.

4. Periods of apnea lasting for 20 seconds.

The correct answer is: Deep respirations of 32/min.

In the context of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a school-age child is likely to exhibit deep, rapid respirations, known as Kussmaul respirations. This is a compensatory mechanism employed by the body to counteract metabolic acidosis, a hallmark of DKA. The condition results in an accumulation of ketone bodies, leading to a decrease in blood pH and necessitating the body to expel carbon dioxide to help normalize acid-base balance. A respiratory rate of 32 breaths per minute indicates that the child is experiencing tachypnea along with the deep breaths. This finding reflects the body’s effort to increase ventilation and thus reduce carbon dioxide levels, helping to alleviate metabolic acidosis. The characteristics of these respirations are significant in diagnosing and managing DKA, as they provide insight into the child’s metabolic state and respiratory compensation. In contrast, shallow respirations, paradoxic respirations, or prolonged periods of apnea would not align with the expected respiratory findings in a child experiencing DKA. Shallow breathing suggests respiratory depression or insufficient ventilation, which would not adequately compensate for the acidosis present in DKA. Paradoxical respirations may indicate serious underlying issues with respiratory mechanics, and apnea could suggest a critical deterioration of